I am assuming that you ask this question having already spent many miles and months touring self-contained on a bike in countires other than the US.
That in order, If I were doing this trip, I would want to determine:
1. How am I getting to and from the end points
2. Distances between resupply towns.
3. You can read some info on the route here:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolyma_Highway
It sounds like washed out bridges may be a very important consideration
4. Visas are likely to be an issue. Check with the consulate for advice here. It is likely they will have pointers to road information.
5. How much Russian do you speak? And don't expect that the folks you meet (like the ones that will ferry you across the rivers) will speak Russian. It has been my experience that in areas where other languages were spoken prior to Soviet occupation that most of the populous doesn't speak Russian.
6. What is the current opinion of Americans in the areas you will be riding.
Good Luck and let us know how it goes
David